How do enzymes function in a biochemical reaction?

Enzymes function by providing active sites that specifically interact with substrates, facilitating biochemical reactions. The active site is a unique region of the enzyme that has a specific shape and chemical environment that allows substrates to bind effectively. When a substrate fits into the active site, the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of that substrate into products by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed. This catalytic action speeds up the reaction rate without altering the equilibrium of the reaction or being consumed in the process.

In this context, enzymes do not change the products of the reaction, nor do they supply the energy needed for the reaction; instead, they help to optimize the conditions for the reaction to occur more efficiently. By creating an environment where specific substrates can be transformed into products, enzymes play a crucial role in metabolic pathways and various biochemical processes in living organisms.