Mendel's Second Law of Independent Assortment states that:

Mendel's Second Law of Independent Assortment states that alleles segregate independently during gamete formation. This principle is rooted in Mendel's experiments with dihybrid crosses, where he observed how different traits (controlled by different genes) were inherited independently of one another. This means that the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not affect the allele it receives for another gene. Consequently, this has critical implications for genetic variation, as it allows for various combinations of traits to be produced in offspring.

The concept of independent assortment applies specifically to genes that are located on different chromosomes or are far apart on the same chromosome, leading to a random distribution of alleles into gametes. Hence, the correct answer encapsulates the essence of Mendel's findings regarding genetic inheritance.