What are stem cells?

Stem cells are defined as undifferentiated cells that possess the unique capability to develop into various specialized cell types. This characteristic allows them to play a crucial role in growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms. Their potential to differentiate into multiple cell types makes them invaluable for research and therapeutic applications, such as regenerative medicine and the treatment of various diseases.

In contrast, specialized cells perform distinct functions and have already undergone differentiation, meaning they cannot develop into different types anymore. Cancerous cells, which are characterized by uncontrolled division, are not classified as stem cells due to their lack of a controlled differentiation process and their chaotic growth patterns. Mature cells are fully developed cells that have completed their differentiation and are functionally active, thus lacking the potential for further change that stem cells possess.