What defines autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Autotrophs and heterotrophs are defined by their methods of obtaining energy and nutrients. Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food, primarily through processes such as photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. They utilize inorganic substances, like carbon dioxide and sunlight in the case of photosynthetic plants, to synthesize organic compounds, which serve as food.

On the other hand, heterotrophs are unable to produce their own food and must obtain energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms, whether they are plants or animals. This distinction is crucial in understanding ecosystems, as autotrophs form the base of the food chain, providing energy to heterotrophs.

The correct definition clearly separates these two groups based on their energy acquisition methods: autotrophs produce their own food, while heterotrophs rely on consuming others. This understanding sets the foundation for studying ecological relationships and energy flow within environments.