What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are characterized by their lack of membrane-bound organelles, which sets them apart from eukaryotic cells. In prokaryotes, the genetic material is not enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus; instead, it resides in a region called the nucleoid. While eukaryotic cells possess various organelles, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, prokaryotic cells rely on simpler structures. This absence of specialized compartments allows prokaryotic cells to thrive in diverse environments but also limits some of their metabolic capabilities compared to eukaryotic cells, which are more complex and compartmentalized.

The other options present incorrect notions about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, focusing on misconceptions regarding their structures. For instance, prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, and the claim that eukaryotic cells lack a cell membrane is fundamental to all cellular life, which isn't true. Additionally, saying that prokaryotic cells are always multicellular is inaccurate, as prokaryotic organisms are typically unicellular.