What ecological role do decomposers play?

Decomposers play a crucial ecological role by breaking down dead organic matter, which includes the remains of plants, animals, and any other organic material. This decomposition process is vital for nutrient cycling within ecosystems, as it converts complex organic substances into simpler inorganic substances that can be taken up by plants. Through their activity, decomposers ensure the recycling of essential nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, thereby maintaining the health and sustainability of ecosystems.

Without decomposers, organic waste would accumulate, and nutrients would remain locked in dead matter, leading to a decline in soil fertility and affecting the entire food web. Thus, their function is integral to ecosystem productivity and resilience.