What is one primary difference between DNA and RNA?

The primary difference between DNA and RNA lies in their structure, specifically the number of strands each molecule contains. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) typically exists as a double-stranded helix, which provides stability and protection for genetic information. This double-stranded structure allows for the formation of base pairs between complementary nucleotides, which is crucial for the faithful replication of genetic material during cell division.

On the other hand, RNA (ribonucleic acid) is usually single-stranded, which allows it to play various roles in the cell, including acting as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes during protein synthesis, and in some cases, as a catalyst in biochemical reactions. The single-stranded nature of RNA enables it to fold into different shapes essential for its various functions.

This fundamental distinction in the number of strands is key to understanding their roles in biology, with DNA providing a stable repository of genetic information and RNA serving multiple functional roles in translating that information into proteins.