What is the primary function of mitochondria?

The primary function of mitochondria is to produce ATP through cellular respiration. Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they play a crucial role in converting energy derived from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy currency of the cell. This process involves several stages, including glycolysis (which occurs outside the mitochondria), the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation — all of which take place within the mitochondria.

During cellular respiration, glucose and other substrates are oxidized, releasing energy that is harnessed to synthesize ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). The production of ATP is vital, as it provides energy for various cellular processes and activities, including muscle contraction, active transport across membranes, and biosynthesis.

In contrast, the other functions listed in the other options do not pertain to mitochondria. For instance, the process of producing glucose through photosynthesis is specific to chloroplasts, not mitochondria. Protein synthesis occurs primarily in ribosomes and involves different cellular mechanisms. Finally, while mitochondria do have some roles in metabolism, they are not specialized for storing waste products; that function is more relevant to lys