What is the primary role of enzymes in biological systems?

Enzymes primarily function as catalysts in biological systems, which means they accelerate chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. They lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur, enabling metabolic processes to take place at rates sufficient to sustain life. This catalytic activity is crucial in various biological functions, including digestion, energy production, and the synthesis of molecules necessary for cellular function.

Understanding this role highlights why enzymes are central to the efficiency and regulation of biochemical pathways. The specificity of enzymes allows them to facilitate targeted reactions, ensuring that processes within the cell can occur in a controlled and timely manner. This catalytic ability distinguishes enzymes from other biological molecules that may have different functions, such as providing structural support or storing genetic information.