Which process specifically refers to the diffusion of water molecules?

The process that specifically refers to the diffusion of water molecules is osmosis. Osmosis is a type of passive transport that involves the movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. This movement is driven by the concentration gradient of solutes and continues until equilibrium is reached.

Osmosis is critical in biological systems because it helps maintain proper cell turgor and is essential for various physiological processes, such as nutrient absorption and waste removal. Understanding osmosis is fundamental in studying how cells interact with their environment, especially in terms of maintaining homeostasis.

Other processes mentioned, like simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion, refer to the movement of solutes, not specifically water. Active transport entails the movement of substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy, thus distinguishing it further from the passive nature of osmosis.