Which statement correctly describes water molecules?

Water molecules exhibit cohesive and adhesive properties due to their polar nature. Each water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to a single oxygen atom, resulting in a bent molecular shape. This arrangement creates a polar molecule, with a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom.

Cohesion refers to the attraction between water molecules, which allows them to stick together. This property is responsible for phenomena such as surface tension, enabling small insects to walk on water's surface. Adhesion, on the other hand, is the attraction between water molecules and other substances. This allows water to climb up plant roots and stems through capillary action, which is crucial for transporting nutrients.

The other statements do not accurately reflect the properties of water. Water is polar and indeed forms hydrogen bonds, which enhances its cohesive and adhesive capabilities. It is more than just a solvent; it also has significant thermal properties, such as high specific heat and heat of vaporization. Lastly, water molecules actively participate in numerous chemical reactions, including hydrolysis and condensation reactions. Thus, the correct understanding of water's cohesive and adhesive properties highlights its vital role in biological systems and processes.